Ivan Illich on Technology and Medical Malpractice

"The medicalization of early diagnosis not only hampers and discourages preventative health-care but it also trains the patient-to-be to function in the meantime as an acolyte to his doctor. He learns to depend on the physician in sickness and in health. He turns into a life-long patient." Ivan Illich

"Competition forces the development of new markets. The goal must be to turn all healthy people into sick people, i.e., people who consider themselves to be in need of therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive manipulation by experts, both chemically and psychologically, for as long as possible in order to be able to “live healthily.” This is already working quite well in the area of physical illness, but even better in the area of mental disorders, especially since there is no shortage of theories according to which almost all people are unhealthy. What is questionable is the analogous transfer of the concept of illness from the physical to the psychological. Some examples: a) The sensory organ of fear, responsible for signaling as yet unclear threats, is unpleasant but vitally necessary and therefore perfectly healthy; only the wrong way of dealing with fear (e.g., defense, repression) can make you ill. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, fear was recognized as a market niche and a number of new, independent disease entities were constructed – with many wonderful healing possibilities for grateful patients." Klaus Dörner